The impact of the irregular structure of special-shaped photovoltaic module glass on its wind load-bearing capacity needs to be comprehensively analyzed from three dimensions: fluid dynamics, structural mechanical response, and practical engineering applications. Irregular structures directly affect the wind pressure distribution characteristics by altering the airflow distribution pattern on the module surface, thus exerting a complex influence on the module's wind resistance. This influence includes both positive optimization effects and the potential for localized stress concentration due to improper design, requiring a scientific design to balance the advantages and disadvantages.
From a fluid dynamics perspective, the curved surface design of irregular structures can guide airflow along a specific path, reducing vortex formation. Under wind loads, traditional planar photovoltaic modules tend to experience airflow separation at the module edges, forming low-pressure vortex zones and leading to a significant increase in local wind pressure. Irregular structures, through curved transitions or gradually changing surfaces, shift the airflow separation point backward, reducing vortex intensity and thus decreasing the peak wind pressure at the edges. For example, the curved surface design of U-shaped glass modules allows for a smooth airflow transition, avoiding abrupt airflow changes caused by right-angle structures and significantly reducing wind vibration effects.
Regarding structural mechanical response, the geometry of irregular structures directly affects the stress distribution pattern of the module. Curved structures can avoid localized stress concentration by dispersing wind pressure loads. When wind loads act on irregularly shaped components, the curved surface transforms concentrated forces into distributed forces, offsetting part of the load through the structure's own bending stiffness. Furthermore, the connection method between the irregular structure and the frame is crucial. A well-designed curved transition allows for a smooth connection between the glass and the frame, reducing stress concentration at installation gaps and improving the overall structure's fatigue resistance. For example, some irregularly shaped components use a mat-and-groove structure, creating a staggered interlock when the two doors are closed, further enhancing pry resistance and wind resistance.
In practical engineering applications, the impact of irregularly shaped structures on wind loads needs to be comprehensively evaluated in conjunction with the installation method. In tracking support systems, the component tilt angle dynamically adjusts with changes in sunlight. The curved design of the irregular structure can optimize airflow distribution at different tilt angles. When the component is at a large tilt angle, the curved structure reduces the windward area, lowering wind pressure loads; while at small tilt angles or in a horizontal position, the curved surface reduces wind vibration by guiding airflow. In addition, the installation height and spacing of the irregular structure also affect the wind field distribution. Properly arranging component spacing can prevent cascading vibrations caused by gusts, while curved structures can further reduce wind-induced vibration energy.
The impact of dynamic wind load characteristics on irregularly shaped structures cannot be ignored. Wind loads in nature are pulsating and random; irregularly shaped structures must possess sufficient stiffness to resist high-frequency wind vibrations. Curved surface design, by increasing the structural moment of inertia, can raise the natural frequency of the components, avoiding resonance with wind load frequencies. Simultaneously, the material selection for irregularly shaped structures must consider dynamic fatigue performance. The application of high-strength stainless steel or composite materials can ensure that the components do not experience fatigue fracture under long-term dynamic loads.
Performance verification under extreme weather conditions is crucial for evaluating the wind resistance of irregularly shaped structures. In typhoons or severe convective weather, irregularly shaped structures must withstand instantaneous extreme wind pressure. Through wind tunnel testing and numerical simulation, surface parameters can be optimized to ensure the safety of components under extreme conditions. For example, some irregularly shaped components improve their overall wind resistance by increasing the radius of curvature of the surface to reduce the wind pressure coefficient, while simultaneously employing a mechanically fixed installation structure.
The irregular structure of special-shaped photovoltaic module glass can significantly enhance its wind load-bearing capacity by optimizing airflow distribution, dispersing stress concentration, adapting to dynamic wind loads, and improving performance under extreme conditions. However, this enhancement effect requires scientific design and comprehensive consideration of multiple factors such as surface parameters, material properties, installation methods, and meteorological conditions. In the future, with the refinement of irregular structure design and advancements in materials science, its wind resistance will be further improved, providing a reliable guarantee for the stable operation of photovoltaic systems in complex environments.
